4 Questions to Ask Yourself | Selecting a Site for Your Greenhouse
Greenhouse Coverings | Greenhouse Frames (structures)

You will want your greenhouse to meet both your gardening needs and your pocketbook. This guide can help you decide what type of greenhouse best fits these requirements, whether it is one from us or a different greenhouse. 

1. What size greenhouse?
Greenhouse size is usually dictated by factors like available space and construction costs versus need or desire. When choosing a size, consider if the greenhouse will be used year-round, seasonally, or mainly as a sunspace. If you want a greenhouse to house an extensive collection of houseplants, then it is best to plan on building or purchasing a structure that is larger than your current space requirements. Most hobby greenhouse owners find they need a larger greenhouse than they originally thought. Upgrading later on may be more costly than ordering a larger unit from the beginning. Another important size consideration often neglected is height. You want to make sure your greenhouse has adequate head room. You need to consider both peak and eave (sidewall) height. Taller houses are also easier to heat and ventilate because the air has a greater buffer area.

2. What will the greenhouse be used for?

I want to get a head start in early spring and/or a few extra growing weeks in late fall.
This is an easy task for a greenhouse. How much extra time the greenhouse will provide will vary based on your local climate and if you choose to equip the greenhouse with automatic ventilation and heating. Any of the greenhouses we offer can be used for season extension since heating and cooling requirements are very low for this purpose.

I am interested in overwintering plants that are not hardy in my area.
Overwintering, maintaining the minimum temperature needed for plants to survive, requires heating the greenhouse even if it is for a short period of time. Greenhouses suitable for overwintering can also be used for season extending. Inexpensive greenhouses like the FlowerHouse models are fine in milder climates that you don't expect needing to heat the greenhouse more than about 30° F above the outside temperature for any extended length of time.

If you are in a colder climate with temperatures that sometimes drop to 0° F or below, a greenhouse with an insulated covering is recommended. These greenhouses are not only retain heat better, but they also generally offer a tighter seal than other greenhouses making them easier to heat. The Cross Country, Grow More, Solar Harvest, and Sunshine models would be better suited for this purpose.

I want to grow plants in a greenhouse during the winter.
This is different from overwintering plants because plants generally need higher temperatures to grow and thrive versus just staying alive. In this case, an insulated greenhouse will be worth the extra investment because of the lower heating cost. The Cross Country, Grow More, Solar Harvest, and Sunshine models are better greenhouses for growing in the winter.

I want a greenhouse to grow plants year round.
A tightly sealed and insulated greenhouse with high light transmission is desirable for year-round vegetables and flowers (especially in northern climates). Remember, greenhouses are designed to store heat from the sun and create a warmer environment inside of them, so use in the summer in most areas would be limited at best. A greenhouse with an evaporative cooling system is recommended to keep temperatures at a minimum when it is hot outdoors.

VIEW A COMPARISON OF THE GREENHOUSES WE OFFER

3. How elaborate do you want the greenhouse to be? 
If you are just starting seedlings or wintering over a few plants and are looking for the least expensive option to do so, you should consider the FlowerHouse. If you want your greenhouse to be a focal point as well as functional, the Sunshine and Cross Country greenhouses are among our most attractive structures. The Cape Cod and Cottage series of the Cross Country are available with a combination of glass and polycarbonate providing both beauty and function.

4. Is a building permit required?
Check local ordinances for required setbacks from property lines, design requirements, and other requirements. Call your local building department. Some hobby greenhouses may not need a permit, but it is a good idea to check anyway. 
 

Glass is much heavier than other coverings, requiring more substantial framing. Other disadvantages include: it doesn't diffuse light, so there's a risk of burning plants; glass breaks more easily than the plastic coverings (important if you have hailstorms, trees nearby, kids that play baseball, etc.); and finally, slight deviations from horizontal and vertical frame alignment or settling of the foundation can crack it. Most glass greenhouses use either engineered aluminum, steel, or laminated wood frames with full foundations. Never install glass on breezy days. Because of the need for many smaller, overlapping, glass segments in these greenhouses, site selection should take wind into consideration. Air (heat) leakage is greater in glass greenhouses because of the many panes needed.  

If you are unsure about your building talents, you might do well to avoid glass as the frame must be absolutely square and rigid. If you must have glass, consider hiring a contractor for your installation. 

Fiberglass
The first of the practical replacements for glass, fiberglass usually comes in rolls or corrugated sheets and is translucent rather than transparent. You can't see through it but light transmission is roughly equal to glass. Fiberglass diffuses light that passes through it creating a virtually shadowless greenhouse. Fiberglass retains heat more efficiently than glass (but not as well as insulated plastics like multiwall polycarbonate or two layers of inflated polyethylene film) while transmitting less heat into the greenhouse, a benefit in both winter and summer. 

Its corrugated form allows overlapping sides to seal well but its undulating ends can make for difficult joints. Aesthetically, the corrugations tend to detract from the structure and grime can collect in valleys.  Greenhouse fiberglass is UV protected by a gel coat that will eventually be baked off by the sun lasting only about 6 years before turning yellow. When this happens, dirt accumulates among the glass fibers and becomes very unsightly. 

Polycarbonate
One of the newest covering options, UV treated polycarbonate provides much of the clarity of glass and is stronger and more resistant to impact than other coverings. It is also more resistant to fire than other plastics. View picture of polycarbonate

Polycarbonate is available in several different thicknesses and normally comes in single, double, and triple walled sheets with many structural walls separating its two flat sides. Single wall polycarbonate is the least expensive and is generally used for its attractive appearance, but it lacks the strength, heat retention, and light diffusing properties of double and triple wall polycarbonate. The multiwall structure gives it greater strength and superior insulating values with the air space built into the product. Multiwall polycarbonate also provides your greenhouse with an even diffused light that minimizes shadow and is optimal for growing plants. Another advantage of polycarbonate is its +15 year lifespan in most areas. Double walled polycarbonate is used to cover the Solar Harvest and Sunshine greenhouses. Triple and 5 wall polycarbonate panels like available with the Grow More and Cross Country greenhouses are more expensive than twin wall options, but they will pay for themselves in reduced heating costs in cold climates that require frequent heating.

Polyethylene Film
A favorite of commercial growers because of its simplicity of maintenance. Use it for 3 to 5 years (life depends on poly thickness and UV treatment used) then recover with new poly.  Used in single thickness, polyethylene film is good for simple cold frames and greenhouses used for starting seeds and other seasonal needs. When two layers are used, and the space between is inflated by a fan creating insulated air space, the polyethylene film retains heat more efficiently than glass houses, saving roughly 40% in heating costs. 

Drawbacks to polyethylene film include a relatively short lifespan vs. other coverings, possibilities of rips and tears, and a translucent appearance much like fiberglass.  Polyethylene's low cost, ease of  replacement, high light transmission, and good heat retention have made it a favorite of nurserymen and commercial growers.

There are differences in polyethylene film. Cheap, thin films sold at many hardware stores and home centers are unsuitable for greenhouse use. Those films are designed as vapor barriers in home construction and other "interior" uses. Greenhouse polyethylene films are specially coated for protection from UV (ultraviolet) rays which shorten the lifespan of unprotected film. There's a minimal cost difference and a considerable difference in performance on your greenhouse. The FlowerHouse greenhouses use a new woven polyethylene which is more durable.
 

Galvanized Steel
Most commercial greenhouses have galvanized steel frames because they are long-lasting, low cost, and require less framework (thus less shadowing) than any other framing material thanks to steel's natural strength. Steel's greatest value in greenhouse construction is its strength. You want as much light to enter your greenhouse as possible and steel frames can be thinner than others, creating less shadow.  Its other big advantage is its low cost. Steel greenhouses are normally covered with polyethylene film because most frames are not designed to accommodate rigid panels without additional hardware. Be sure that any steel tube greenhouse you purchase is made with heavy-duty galvanized or stainless tubing which is made for outdoor construction purposes to protect it from a greenhouse's normal humid and corrosive (fertilizer salts) atmosphere.

Galvanized metals will eventually wear off their protective finish and rust from high humidity levels present in a greenhouse. Steel is much heavier than aluminum and generally requires additional hardware to mount a rigid covering to it.

Aluminum
Aluminum is used primarily in conjunction with glass or polycarbonate in architectural sunspaces and hobby greenhouses. It can be anodized in a variety of colors and has low maintenance requirements. Because of its higher initial cost, aluminum is most often used with glass and rigid plastic coverings in structures like the Solar Harvest, Grow More, and Cross Country greenhouses. Aluminum is the longest lasting of all of the framing materials mentioned because it will never rust, rot, or break down from UV rays.

Aluminum does not have the strength of steel so frame members either must be larger or more numerous. Look for engineered shapes in aluminum that are designed to increase frame strength, because you want as little frame shadowing as possible while not sacrificing the integrity of your greenhouse's frame. 

Wood
Wood is most commonly used either for sunrooms or in homemade greenhouses.  They are popular because of their attractive look, the ease in which accessories can be added to them, and the low amount of heat loss they produce compared to similar size metal frames. Wood frame structures are most often covered with a rigid plastic or glass. Though very attractive in sunspaces, wood has a limited lifetime in a greenhouse's damp atmosphere before it starts to deteriorate. Redwood (used in the Sunshine greenhouse frames) or cedar is recommended because of their natural resistance to the elements and insects. Applying a chemical sealant or stain to the wood periodically can also greatly increase the life of the material.

Wood frames are generally larger and heavier than equivalent metal frames which increases the amount of shadow in the greenhouse. Wood hobby houses are generally small scale with a limited ability to expand once construction is complete. 

Plastic
Over the last 10 to 15 years plastic hobby greenhouses have become increasingly popular. The main advantages of these greenhouses is their low cost, portability, and ease of installation. Plastic is generally used to construct smaller structures because it is not as rigid as metal or wood, but the introduction of options like metal wire supports compensates for what plastic lacks in strength. Plastic frames have become increasingly popular because of the low amount of heat loss they produce compared to similar size metal frames. This is because plastic is a poor heat conductor like wood.

The main drawback to a plastic frame is that ultraviolet rays from the sun will eventually cause the plastic to deteriorate even if it is a UV protected material. UV protected PVC materials generally have a 20 year or better life. Plastic frames are also normally larger than equivalent metal frames which increases the amount of shadow in the greenhouse.  

 ACF Greenhouses
380 Greenhouse Drive
Buffalo Junction, VA 24529
434-374-2706 Phone, 434-374-2055 Fax
888-888-9050 Toll Free


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